		Introduction
	Part 1: XML
	1	Writing XML
	Part 2: DTDs
	2	Creating a DTD
	3	Defining Elements and Attributes in a DTD
	4	Entities and Notations in DTDs
	Part 3: XML Schema and Namespaces
	5	XML Schema
	6	Defining Simple Types
	7	Defining Complex Types
	8	Using Namespaces in XML
	9	Namespaces, Schemas, and Validation
	Part 4: XSLT and XPath
	10	XSLT
	11	XPath: Patterns and Expressions
	12	Test Expressions and Functions
	Part 5: Cascading Style Sheets
	13	Setting up CSS
	14	Layout with CSS
	15	Formatting Text with CSS
	Part 6: XLink and XPointer
	16	Links and Images: XLink and XPointer
	Appendices
	A	XHTML
	B	XML Tools
	C	Special Symbols
	D	Colors in Hex
		Index

Here is a simple set of tables that give the name and location of each XML file included in the collection of example files for XML for the World Wide Web: Visual QuickStart Guide. Instead of just giving you the snippets of code that are shown in the illustrations (which would be of limited use), I have fleshed out those examples and commented them (within the files themselves) so that you can get more out of them, tinker with them, test them, and ultimately, see how they work. I hope they are worthwhile. Comments are welcome.

You can download all the examples for Macintosh or for Windows/Unix.

If you have any questions, suggestions, or corrections, please contact me.

Introduction

The files from this chapter are in the introduction folder.

Page	Section	Code
12	The Problem wth HTML	laxhtml.html
13	The Power of XML	tigers_rhinos.xml
15	XML in the Real World	World Wide Web Consortium
16	About This Book	tigers_rhinos.xml

Part 1: XML

Chapter 1, Writing XML

The files from this chapter are in the writing folder.

Page	Section	Code
23	Rules for Writing XML (note)
24	Declaring the XML Version	version.xml
25	Creating the Root Element	root.xml
26	Writing Non-Empty Elements	nonempty.xml
27	Nesting Elements	nesting.xml
28	Adding Attributes	attributes.xml
29	Using Empty Elements	empty.xml
30	Writing Comments	comments.xml
31	Writing Five Special Symbols	specialsymbols.xml
32	Displaying Elements as Text	cdata.xml

Part 2: DTDs

Chapter 2, Creating a DTD

The files from this chapter are in the dtd_creating folder.

Page	Section	Code
36	Declaring an Internal DTD	internal.xml with a real DTD: internal_real.xml
37	Writing an External DTD	end_species.dtd
39	Declaring a Personal External DTD	Figure 2.4: external.xml Figure 2.5: external_and_internal.xml
40	Declaring a Public External DTD	external_public.xml

Chapter 3, Defining Elements and Attributes in a DTD

The files in this section are in the dtd_defining folder. You'll note that these files contain more than what is shown in the illustrations. I have fleshed out these examples so that you can really test them against an XML Validator. In fact, I heartily recommend doing so. Copy them to your server, play around with them, and then study the error messages that XML Validator gives you! I hope you find them useful.

Page	Section	Code
44	Defining an Element to Contain Only Text	onlytext.dtd, onlytext.xml
45	Defining an Element to Contain One Child	onechild.dtd, onechild.xml
46	Defining an Element to Contain a Sequence	sequence.dtd, sequence.xml
47	Defining Choices	choices.dtd, Figure 3.11: choices.xml, choices2.xml Figure 3.12: choices_invalid.xml, choices_invalid2.xml
48	Defining How Many Units	howmany.dtd, howmany2.dtd
50 - 51	Defining Simple Attributes	Figure 3.16: att_optional.dtd Figure 3.17: attribute_optional.xml, attribute_optional2.xml, attribute_optional3.xml Figure 3:18: att_required.dtd Figure 3:19: att_required_choice1.xml, att_required_choice2.xml, att_required_choice3.xml Figure 3.20: att_default.dtd Figure 3.21:att_default1.xml, att_default2.xml, att_default3.xml Figure 3.22: att_fixed.dtd Figure 3.23: att_fixed1.xml, att_fixed2.xml, att_fixed3.xml
52	Defining Attributes with Unique Values	att_unique.dtd Figure 3.25: att_unique1.xml (top), att_unique2.xml (bottom)
53	Referencing Attributes with Unique Values	Figures 3.26 and 3.28: idref.dtd Figure 3.27: idref.xml Figure 3.29: idrefs.xml
54	Restricting Attributes to Valid XML Names	nmtoken.dtd nmtoken.xml, nmtoken2.xml

Chapter 4, Entities and Notations in DTDs

The files in this section are in the dtd_entities folder.

Page	Section	HTML
56	Creating Shortcuts for Text	shortcuts.dtd
57	Using Shortcuts for Text	shortcuts.xml
58	Shortcuts for Text in External Files	Figure 4.5: hwi.ent Figure 4.6: shortcuts_ext.dtd Figure 4.7: shortcuts_ext.xml
60	Creating and Using Shortcuts for DTDs	Figure 4.9: pic.dtd Figure 4.10: dtdshortcut_used.dtd Figure 4.11: dtdshortcut_used.dtd (same as 4.10, just focusing on a different part of it) (Figure 4.12 does not ever exist as a file, it's just a "dramatization" of what happens when you use a shortcut for a chunk of DTD.)
62	Creating Entites for Unparsed Content	Figure 4.13: tiger.jpg Figure 4.14, 4.15: unparsed.dtd
63	Embedding Unparsed Content	Figure 4.16 and top part of Figure 4.17: unparsed.dtd (same as Figs. 4.14 and 4.15) Bottom part of Figure 4.17: unparsed.xml

Part 3: XML Schema and Namespaces

Note that the examples in these chapters are almost all based on the end_species.xsd and end_species.xml files, with minor changes, according to the topic in question. More importantly, I have gone to the trouble (over two excrutiating months) to flesh out the examples so that you can really play around with them, send them to XSV for validation and see how they work. Please do copy them to your own site, and then test them and retest them and analyze them. Pay special attention to the comments within the documents, in which I explain which parts are in question and what is going on with them. I hope you find them useful. Let me know.

Chapter 5, XML Schema

The files in this section are in the schemas folder.

Page	Section	Code
72	Beginning a Simple Schema	begin.xsd
73	Indicating a Simple Schema's Location	location.xml
74	Annotating Schemas	annotation.xsd

Chapter 6, Defining Simple Types

The files in this section are in the schemas_simple folder.

Page	Section	Code
76-77	Declaring an Element with a Simple Type	Figure 6.1: simpletype.xsd Figure 6.2: simpletype1.xml Figure 6.3: simpletype2.xml Figure 6.4:simpletype_date.xsd Figure 6.5: simpletype_date.xml Figure 6.6: simpletype_date2.xml
78-79	Using Date and Time Types	Figure 6.7: timeDuration.xsd, timeDuration.xml Figure 6.8: time.xsd, time.xml Figure 6.9: timeInstant.xsd, timeInstant.xml Figure 6.10: date.xsd, date.xml Figure 6.11: month.xsd, month.xml Figure 6.12: year.xsd, year.xml Figure 6.13: century.xsd, century.xml Figure 6.14: recurringDate.xsd, recurringDate.xml Figure 6.15: recurringDay.xsd, recurringDay.xml
80	Using Number Types	numbers.xsd Figure 6.17: numbers.xml Figure 6.18: numbers2.xml
81	Deriving Custom Simple Types	custom_simple.xsd, custom_simple.xml
82	Using Anonymous Custom Types	anonymous_simple.xsd, anonymous_simple.xml
83	Specifying a Set of Acceptable Values	enumeration.xsd, enumeration.xml
84-85	Specifying a Pattern for a Simple Type	Figure 6.27: pattern.xsd Figure 6.28: pattern.xml Figure 6.29: timeDuration_andpattern.xsd Figure 6.30: timeDuration_andpattern.xml Figure 6.31: pattern_choices.xsd Figure 6.32: pattern_choices.xml
86-87	Specifying a Range of Acceptable Values	Figure 6.33: maxInclusive.xsd Figure 6.34: maxInclusive.xml Figure 6.35: maxExclusive.xsd Figure 6.36: maxExclusive.xml Figure 6.37: minInclusive.xsd Figure 6.38: minInclusive.xml, minInclusive2.xml Figure 6.39: minExclusive.xsd Figure 6.40: minExclusive.xml, minExclusive2.xml
88	Limiting the Length of a Simple Type	Figures 6:41 and 6:42: length.xsd, length.xml Figure 6:43: maxLength.xsd Figure 6.44: maxLength.xml Figure 6.45: maxLength2.xml
89	Limiting a Number's Digits	precision_scale.xsd Figure 6.47: precision_scale.xml, precision_scale2.xml Figure 6.48: precision_scale3.xml, precision_scale4.xml
90	Creating List Types	Figures 6.49 and 6.50: list.xsd, list.xml Figures 6.51 and 6.52: list_length.xsd, list_length.xml
91	Predefining an Element's Content	Figure 6.53: fixed.xsd Figures 6.54 and 6.55: fixed.xml, fixed2.xml Figure 6.56: default.xsd Figures 6.57 and 6.58: default.xml, default2.xml

Chapter 7, Defining Complex Types

The files in this section are in the schemas_complex folder.

Page	Section	Code
94	Defining Elements to Contain Only Elements	onlyelements.xsd (onlyelements.xml)
95	Requiring Elements to Appear in Sequence	sequence.xsd (sequence.xml)
96	Creating a Set of Choices	choice.xsd Figure 7.8: top: choice.xml bottom: choice2.xml
97	Allowing Elements to Appear in Any Order	all.xsd, all.xml
98	Defining Named Groups	group.xsd
99	Referencing a Named Group	group.xml
100	Referencing Already Defined Elements	referencing.xsd (referencing.xml)
101	Controlling How Many	howmany.xsd, howmany.xml Figure 7.18: howmany2.xsd (howmany2.xml)
102	Defining Elements to Contain Only Text	Figures 7.19 and 7.20: textonly.xsd Figure 7.21: textonly.xml Figure 7.22: textonly2.xml
103	Defining Empty Elements	Figures 7.23 and 7.24: empty.xsd Figure 7.25: empty.xml
104	Defining Elements with Mixed Content	Figures 7.26 and 7.27: mixed.xsd Figure 7.28: mixed.xml
105	Basing Complex Types on Complex Types	Figures 7.29, 7.30, 7.31: basing.xsd Figure 7.32: basing.xml
106	Declaring an Element of Complex Type	Figure 7.33: basing.xsd Figure 7.34: declaring.xsd (declaring.xml) Figure 7.35: declaring2.xsd (declaring2.xml)
107	Elements with Anonymous Complex Types	Figure 7.36: anonymous.xsd Figure 7.37: anonymous.xml
108	Declaring Attributes	attributes.xsd, attributes.xml
109	Requiring an Attribute	Figure 7.40: required.xsd Figure 7.41: top: required.xml; bottom: required2.xml required3.xml (an invalid instance, not shown in the book)
110	Predefining an Attribute¹s Content	Figure 7.42: fixed.xsd Figure 7.43: fixed.xml Figure 7.44: fixed2.xml Figure 7.44: default.xsd Figure 7.45: default.xml Figure 7.46: default2.xml
111	Defining Attribute Groups	attgroups.xsd
112	Referencing Attribute Groups	attgroups.xsd, attgroups.xml

Chapter 8, Using Namespaces in XML

The files in this section are in the namespaces folder. Note that no Schema files are given for the latter examples...we don't get to validating XML files that use namespaces until the next chapter. If there is sufficient interest, I could work out the appropriate schema files. Let me know.

Page

Section

Code

113

Using Namespaces in XML

Figure 8.1: rivers.xsd (rivers.xml)

Figure 8.2: global_endspecies.xsd (global_endspecies.xml)

115

Declaring Default Namespaces

Figure 8.4: default1.xml

Figure 8.5: default2.xml

116-117

Namespaces for Individual Elements

Figures 8.6 and 8.7: individual.xml

Figure 8.8: individual2.xml

Chapter 9, Namespaces, Schemas, and Validation

The files in this section are in the namespaces_sv folder.

Page	Section	Code
123	Populating a Namespace	populating.xsd (populating.xml, if you insist)
124	Adding All Locally Declared Elements	locally_declared.xsd
125	Adding Particular Locally Declared Elements	locally_declared2.xsd
126-127	Referencing Components with Namespaces	Figure 9.4: referencing_namespaces.xsd (referencing_namespaces.xml, for the impatient) Figure 9.5: referencing_namespaces2.xsd (referencing_namespaces2.xml, for the impatient)
128	The Schema of Schemas as the Default	referencing_namespaces3.xsd (referencing_namespaces3.xml, for the impatient)
129	Namespaces and Validating XML	validating.xml (you can validate this file with referencing_namespaces.xsd if you like by typing in both URLs--first the xml then the xsd--in the XSV)
130	Indicating Where a Schema Is	location.xml (referencing_namespaces.xsd)
131	Schemas in Multiple Files	threats.xsd, include.xsd (and then use include.xml as an instance)
132	Importing Components	import.xsd, rivers_import.xsd (not rivers.xsd), and then import.xml as an instance. Note the errata resolved in the notes here.

Part 4: XSLT and XPath

Note that the examples in these chapters are almost all based on the tigers_rhinos.xml and tigers_complete.xsl files. The XSLT files gradually build up to the tigers_complete.xsl file, with minor changes depending on the topic in question. For maximum effect, you'll also need the tiger.jpg and rhino.jpg images.

Chapter 10, XSLT

The files in this section are in the xslt folder. Note that all of these XSLT files transform the very same tigers_rhinos.xml file. The HTML files shown were generated by transforming the tigers_rhinos.xml file with the given XSLT file, using Saxon.

Page	Section	Code
136-137	Transforming XML with XSLT	Figure 10.1: tigers_rhinos.xml Figure 10.3: tigers_complete.xsl
138	Beginning an XSLT Style Sheet	begin.xsl
139	Creating the Root Template	root.xsl, root.xml
140-141	Outputting HTML Code	html.xsl, html.html
142-143	Outputting a Node's Content	node.xsl, node.html
144-145	Creating and Applying Template Rules	templates.xsl, templates.html
146-147	Batch-Processing Nodes	for-each.xsl, for-each.html
148	Processing Nodes Conditionally	if.xsl, if.html
149	Adding Additional Choices	choose.xsl, choose.html
150	Sorting Nodes Before Processing	sort.xsl, sort.html
151	Generating Attributes	attributes.xsl, attributes.html

Chapter 11, XPath: Patterns and Expressions

The files in this section are in the xpath folder. Note that many of the examples in this chapter use the same files as examples from the XSLT chapter. That's because we've already seen some of these patterns and expressions, but they are explained and highlighted here. Note also that the HTML files shown were generated by transforming the tigers_rhinos.xml file with the given XSLT file, using Saxon.

Page	Section	Code
154	Determining the Current Node	same as sort.xsl, sort.html (from page 150 in Chapter 10)
155	Referring to the Current Node	same as sort.xsl, sort.html (from page 150 in Chapter 10)
156	Selecting a Node's Children	same as sort.xsl, sort.html (from page 150 in Chapter 10)
157	Selecting a Node's Parent or Siblings	siblings.xsl, siblings.html
158	Selecting All of the Descendants	descend.xsl, descend.html
159	Disregarding the Current Node	disregardnode.xsl, disregardnode.html
160	Selecting a Node's Attributes	same as siblings.xsl, siblings.html
161	Selecting Subsets	same as siblings.xsl, siblings.html

Chapter 12, Test Expressions and Functions

The files in this section are in the expressions folder. Note that the first seven HTML files (pages 164-170) shown were generated by transforming the tigers_rhinos.xml file with the given XSLT file, using Saxon. The examples from pages 171-173 are generated by transforming the tigers_rhinos_noinitials.xml file with the given XSLT file, also using Saxon. Also note that up until page 169, for simplicity's sake, I did not include the picture template. It appears again from page 170 on. You can find more information about the picture template in the Generating Attributes section on page 151 in Chapter 10.

Page	Section	Code
164	Comparing Two Values	same as choose.xsl, choose.html (from page 149, Chapter 10)
165	Testing the Position	position.xsl, position.html
166	Subtotaling Values	sum.xsl, sum.html
167	Counting Nodes	count.xsl, count.html
168	Multiplying, Dividing, Adding, Subtracting	multiply.xsl, multiply.html
169	Formatting Numbers	formatnumber.xsl, formatnumber.html
170	Rounding Numbers	ceiling.xsl, ceiling.html (again, notice that the picture template from page 151 is used here--for the first time in this chapter)
171-172	Extracting Substrings	Figure 12.19: tigers_rhinos_noinitials.xml (All the other XSLT files refer to the tigers_rhinos.xml file.) Figures 12.20 and 12.21: substring.xsl, substring.html Figures 12.22 and 12.23: substring_after.xsl, substring_after.html
173	Capitalizing Strings	translate.xsl, translate.html

Part 5: Cascading Style Sheets

Note that the examples in these chapters are almost all based on the panthers.xml and panthersblurb.xml files. I have created a separate xml file for each example that references the proper CSS stylesheet, but unless noted, all the XML files are otherwise identical. The CSS files build on each other gradually.

Chapter 13, Setting up CSS

The files in this section are in the css folder.

Page	Section	Code
177	Setting up CSS	Figure 13.1: panthers.xml Figure 13.2: panthers.html
178	CSS with XML vs. CSS with HTML	Figure 13.3: panthers.xml Figure 13.4: panthers.html
180-181	Specifying Where Styles Are To Be Applied	Figure 13.6: where1.css Figure 13.7: where1.xml Figure 13.7: where2.css Figure 13.8: where2.xml
182-183	Creating an External Style Sheet	external.css
184-185	Calling a Style Sheet for an XML Document	Figure 13.11: call_stylesheet.xml (end_species.css) Figure 13.12: call_stylesheet_xml.xsl is the document shown. It is used to transform panthers.xml into call_stylesheet_xml.xml which calls end_species.css for formatting information.
186	Calling a Style Sheet for an HTML Document	callstyles_html.xsl, (tigers_rhinos.xml, callstyles_html.html, callstyles.css)
187	Using Internal Style Sheets	callstyles_html_internal.xsl
188	Applying Styles Locally	local_styles.xsl (local_styles.html)

Chapter 14, Layout with CSS

The files in this section are in the css_layout folder. The XML files formatted by the CSS examples on pages 190-197 are identical to panthers.xml, except for the call to the individual stylesheet. The XML files used from pages 198-205 are identical to panthersblurb.xml--except for the call to the individual stylesheet--(which only differs from panthers.xml in the addition of an extra sidebar (blurb) paragraph.) Finally, the examples in the last two sections (pages 206-9) are identical to the pantherlist.xml file--again, except for the call to the individual stylesheet.

Page	Section	Code
190	Defining Elements as Block-Level or Inline	block.css (block.xml)
191	Hiding Elements Completely	hide.css (hide.xml)
192	Offsetting Elements In the Natural Flow	relative.css (relative.xml)
193	Positioning Elements Absolutely	absolute.css (absolute.xml)
194	Setting the Height or Width for an Element	heightwidth.css (heightwidth.xml)
195	Setting the Border	border.css (border.xml)
196	Adding Padding Around an Element	padding.css (padding.xml)
197	Setting the Margins around an Element	margin.css (margin.xml)
198	Wrapping Text around Elements	float.css (float.xml)
199	Stopping Text Wrap	clear.css (clear.xml)
200	Changing the Foreground Color	foreground.css (foreground.xml)
201	Changing the Background	background.css (background.xml)
202	Positioning Elements in 3D	zindex.css (zindex.xml)
203	Aligning Elements Vertically	verticalalign.css (verticalalign.xml)
204	Determining Where Overflow Should Go	overflow.css (overflow.xml)
205	Clipping an Element	clip.css (clip.xml)
206-207	Setting List Properties	lists.css (pantherlist.xml)
208	Specifying Page Breaks	pagebreak.css (pagebreak.xml)

Chapter 15, Formatting Text with CSS

The files in this section are in the css_text folder. All of the XML files are identical to panthers_layout.xml, except for the call to the individual stylesheet. Indeed panthers_layout.xml is simply the same panthersblurb.xml file we saw in the last chapter with a call to the layout.css stylesheet which includes all the layout information we added in Chapter 14. Note also that you'll need the embedded font files for all the examples from page 211 on, and that the embedded fonts will only be visible in IE5 for Windows.

Page	Section	Code
210	Choosing a Font Family	font-family.css (font-family.xml)
211	Embedding Fonts on a Page	embedfonts.css (embedfonts.xml)
212	Creating Italics	italic.css (italic.xml)
213	Applying Bold Formatting	bold.css (bold.xml)
214	Setting the Font Size	font-size.css (font-size.xml)
215	Setting the Line Height	line-height.css (line-height.xml)
216	Setting All Font Values at Once	font.css (font.xml)
217	Setting the Text Color	color.css (color.xml)
218	Changing the Text¹s Background	background.css (background.xml)
219	Controlling Spacing	spacing.css (spacing.xml)
220	Aligning Text	text-align.css (text-align.xml)
221	Underlining Text	underline.css (underline.xml)
222	Changing the Text Case	transform.css (transform.xml)

Part 6: XLink and XPointer

Chapter 16, XLink and XPointer

Since none of the examples in this chapter can really be tested yet (except for well-formedness, but that's pretty boring), I haven't taken the trouble of posting the code. If you really want a copy of it, just let me know. I'd be happy to give it to you (or post it, if a lot of you want it). Once browsers can deal with XLink and XPointer, I will make these examples more real and then post the code so you can see how they work for yourselves. Comments?

Appendices

Appendix A: XHTML

You can find these files in the xhtml folder.

Page	Section	Code
240	How Does a Browser Know?	Figures A.1 and A.3: xhtml.xml Figure A.2:xhtml.html
241	Writing XHTML	xhtml.xml
242	Declaring a DTD for XHTM	xhtml_dtd.xml

Appendix B: XML Tools

These are the most up-to-date links to the tools listed.

Page

Section

Code

244

Validating XML Files against a DTD

Brown University's Scholarly Technology Group's XML Validator

245

Validating XML with a Schema

XML Schema Validator from the W3C

246

Transforming XML with an XSLT Processor

Michael Kay's Saxon

J. David Eisenberg's MacTransform

Appendices C and D: Special Symbols and Colors in Hex

You can find links to these tables in the Extras section of my HTML4 Web site. Click on Useful Files to find the appropriate table.

Index

You can find the complete index online!